The Hummer H1 is a civilian vehicle based on the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), popularly known as the Humvee, which was created by AM General.
History
Originally released in the civilian market in 1992, the Hummer H1 owes its birth to the popularity of photos from Operation Desert Storm and the enthusiastic campaign from actor Arnold Schwarzenegger, who personally owns several variants of Hummer vehicles. GM announced that 2006 would be the last model year for the Hummer H1 with production winding down in June 2006, due to a new emission laws for Diesel engine vehicles which take effect in 2007. No version of the Hummer H1 ever produced would meet these new standards. AM General currently has orders for an excess of 50,000 new HMMWVs to be produced between 2006-2009 for the United States Military. AM General also will continue to produce the H1, just not the Alpha. These vehicles will be sold through Fleet sales. The next H1 will most-likely bear a refined version of the prior 6.5L Turbo Diesel engine, but that has not been confirmed. Selling the H1's through fleet sales will allow the AM General to not be subjected to the new emission rules and regulations. AM General has sufficient fleet orders to produce 600-800 units per year right now.
Specifications
The Hummer H1 has three common variants: a convertible-like soft top, a four-door hard top pickup truck and a Wagon body version. Other less known variants include a two-door pickup truck and a four-door slantback. At this time, the convertible/soft top and the station wagon versions are the only ones available in the mass market. The two door and four door pickup versions are only available in fleet livery.
Five engine types and three automatic transmission types can be found in Hummer H1s. The common engine/transmission combinations are:
* 6.2 L Detroit Diesel V8/GM TH400/3L80 3-speed
* 6.5 L Detroit Diesel V8/GM 4L80-E 4-speed
* 5.7 L Vortec 5700 gasoline V8 TBI/GM 4L80-E 4-speed
* 6.5 L turbo Detroit Diesel V8/GM 4L80-E 4-speed
* 6.6 L Duramax LLY turbo Diesel/Allison 1000 5-speed (model year 2006)
The Hummer H1 shares some common driveline parts with its HMMWV brethren. Items like brakes, differentials, frame and major body panels (hood, tailgate and quarter panels) are identical between the HMMWV and the Hummer H1. All Hummer H1s and HMMWVs come off the same first stage assembly line, and then are separated midway to either become a military HMMWV or a civilian H1.
Hummer H1s are unique in the way they handle off road. They are inherently very stable, thanks to their wide stance. They also can ford 30 inches (76 cm) of water, climb a 22-inch (56 cm) step, have a stock ground clearance of 16 inches (41 cm) (thanks to its design of tucking driveline components inside a channel, which subsequently intrudes into the cabin space of the vehicle), have approach/departure angles of 72/37.5 degrees and most H1s are equipped with Central Tire Inflation System (CTIS), which enables the driver to increase or decrease the tire air pressure at will.
Hummer H1s have many unusual features. They use inboard brakes. They have geared hubs, allowing the drivetrain's half shafts to be up high for greater clearance. The radiator is up high, sloping back over the engine. Rather than using simple runflat tires, aluminum or rubber inserts are an optional feature for runflat ability. A central tire inflation system is available as an option. Chemical warfare resistant paint is available only on the military version.
The Infiniti G37 Coupé offers dramatic performance in a thoroughly seductive shape. Although sharing a great deal of hardware with the Infiniti G37 Sedan, the Coupé is designed to appeal to different buyer.
The dynamic styling allied to its obvious performance potential will appeal to successful individuals who appreciate beautiful design and enjoy driving. They aren't prone to following the herd… and they might not even currently drive a coupé.
Exterior styling
A long bonnet, short overhangs and dramatically raked roof line give the Infiniti G37 Coupé a silhouette that sets it apart from rival products based more heavily on their saloon counterparts.
Interior environment
The Infiniti G37 Coupé provides a sporting cockpit environment for the driver and a luxuriously open space for its passengers. The dashboard and centre console, complete with seven-inch colour display, adopts Infiniti design DNA with a 'double wave' upper section linked to a central vertical spine for a feeling of solidity. Textured aluminium trim inserts can be found on the centre console, the instrument binnacle and the door panels.
The Engine and powertrain
Infiniti's latest 3.7-litre V6 is a potent, high revving, 24-valve twin cam unit producing 235 kW at 7,000 rpm (320 PS) and an impressive 360 Nm of torque at 5,200 rpm.
Constructed from lightweight aluminium, the engine features a two-part bed-plate construction which is more rigid than a single piece casting for reduced vibration levels. It also permits sustained use at higher revs: the V6 is red-lined at 7,500rpm.
The VQ37 unit features VVEL (Variable Valve Event and Lift) technology to optimise efficiency and, in turn, the balance between power, response, fuel efficiency and emissions.
It delivers a top speed of 250 km/h (155 mph) with 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph) taking 5.8 seconds (on M/T version). Fuel economy over the combined cycle is 10.5 l/100kms (26.9 mpg) while the Coupé has a CO2 figure of 249 g/km. The engine is fully compliant with Euro 5 emission level requirements.
Chassis and driving dynamics
The Infiniti G37 Coupé uses the second-generation version of Infiniti's FM platform. The 'front midship' engine location sees the compact V6 mounted in the front of the car, but as low and as far back as possible, with most of the block behind the front axle line. The result lowers the centre of gravity and helps to deliver the optimum front to rear weight distribution.
The power steering system is a vehicle-speed-sensing type with a twin-orifice structure, which provides optimum steering effort at both high and low vehicle speeds.
The sports oriented G37S version has a number of chassis changes in keeping with its sharper profile. The principal enhancement is the addition of the 4-Wheel Active Steer (4WAS) system which helps improve handling performance still further by varying the front steering ratio and adjusting the geometry of the rear suspension according to steering input and vehicle speed.
Standard and optional equipment
The Infiniti G37 Coupé has a full complement of user friendly - and above all, useful - standard equipment, plus options for those who want to make even more of a statement.
Standard features include the intelligent I-key with smart access and push button starter, a six-disc, seven-speaker audio system with an RCA AUX-in jack socket for MP3 players. Bluetooth phone connectivity and cruise control with speed limiter can all be operated via switches on the leather-trimmed multi-function steering wheel.
The Adaptive Front-light System (AFS) and "Scratch Shield" paint are also standard. Bi-Xenon headlamps are linked to steering inputs and automatically follow the path of the front wheels to provide a wide spread of light around corners and on winding roads. "Scratch Shield" paint incorporates a special highly elastic resin within the conventional clearcoat to increase the paint's flexibility. A car painted with "Scratch Shield" paint can exhibit up to five times fewer scratches that a conventional clearcoat when exposed to the same conditions.
The Safety
High levels of passive safety were a priority at the design stage. As a result, the Infiniti G37 Coupé has a full complement of six airbags, with dual-stage front airbags, seat belt sensors and passenger seat occupancy sensor. The front seats incorporate hip and thorax bags, while there are front-to-rear curtain airbags for protection in a side impact.
The Quality
Infiniti is synonymous with vehicle quality, and that's something that doesn't happen by accident.
On the Tochigi production line in Japan every vehicle - not just every tenth - is laser scanned to ensure that panel gaps are within prescribed limits.
The Emas Country interpretation portrays the Emas as an urban SUV, keeping to the length of 3550 mm but switching to a three-door architecture.
Access to the car is still easy due to generous doors measuring no less than 1350 mm in length and the ergonomic and rational position of the rear seats, that are set 120 mm further forward than in the five-door version.
In particular, the amount of passenger room rises from 4 to 5 seats by replacing the two independent rear seats with a sliding three-seater bench seat. This means that the amount of foot room for passengers in the rear can be adjusted according to requirements.
The bench seat can also be folded completely flat to increase the load volume: this boosts the luggage space from 390 to approximately 780 litres.
A few telling touches create a distinctive off-road exterior look: wheel arches, side-sill perimeter base, bumpers toughened by radial ribbing and the lower part of the tailgate are highlighted by a bronze metallic finish. The roof features a rollbar/roof-rack.
The front-end differs from the urban, five-door version due to its more aggressive look: the Proton shield is now fitted at the top of a grille surmounting a large longitudinal air intake. The two fog lights are round and sunk into the body.
The lower part of the front and rear bumpers and the side-sills are toughened by metal inserts.
A glance at the interiors
The first aspect that strikes you, even before you discover the car interiors, is the door handle: an ergonomic design that incorporates a set of secondary controls that vary from place to place.
The driver can use the handle grip to control all four power windows, door locking and unlocking, the courtesy lights, side mirror adjustment and electrical lowering of the rear head restraint to improve visibility while reversing.
The front passenger can also adjust the hi-fi system as well as his or her own window. The rear passengers can also adjust their seats from the handle grip.
Two TFT panels dominate the dashboard. They are housed side by side in the centre of the dashboard, at a concave angle.
The right-hand monitor shows the speedometer and the main car operating indicators in addition to hybrid system energy flows.
The left-hand monitor shows secondary information such as screens for the hi-fi system, telephone and internet access browser plus personalised car set-up parameters.
The lower part of the central console, housing the ignition button and gear selector, extends towards the tunnel and can be folded down. When parking in a tight spot, forcing the driver or front passenger to leave the car from the opposite side, this central element can be lowered and the seat moved back so that they can get out on the other side without hindrance.
The central console also houses two USB ports to connect digital music players and mobile phones, plus an SD card slot for satellite navigation maps.
The central part houses a dock specially designed for the Apple. This dock is interchangeable and can house other phone and smartphone models. It can recharge the phones and connect them automatically to the car without the need to use other coupling systems.
Powered by Lotus Engineering
The drive system is a series hybrid plug-in developed by Lotus Engineering, a Proton Group company. It includes a 3 cylinder 1.2 litre internal combustion engine developing 51 horsepower (38 kW) at 3500 rpm that can run on petrol, ethanol, or methanol.
The front transverse internal combustion engine is coupled to a generator and serves exclusively to recharge the 11.5 kWh capacity lithium ion batteries.
Drive is assured by an electric motor with continuous power of 45 kW and 75 kW peak power.
The high maximum torque, 240 Nm, does not require the use of a gearbox.
Acceleration 0-100 km/h takes place in 14 seconds, top speed is 170 km/h and battery range in the hybrid configuration is 50 km. Full recharging of the battery pack takes three hours using a traditional 240-volt outlet.
The performance and range of the City three door electric plug-in version are currently being assessed.
The new Jaguar XKR is a sophisticated grand tourer with the heart of a true sports car, combining effortless high-performance and state-of-the-art V8 powertrains with a new level of advanced technologies, intuitive control and Jaguar's superbly crafted, new-fashioned luxury interiors.
All-new AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0-litre direct-injection engines bring significant improvements in power and torque and they do so without compromising fuel economy and emissions. In both respects, every model in the new XK range, in spite of such large performance and flexibility gains across the board, is comparable to their predecessors.
The Exterior design
Visible changes on the new XK and XKR reflect the significant changes under the skin. Carefully revised exteriors take the seductive, elegant lines that define Jaguar's new design language and interpret them for a beautiful 2+2 sports car whose shape is even more taut, powerful and athletic. Evoking the essence of performance long before it moves, the new XK family shape is unmistakably 'new-school' sporting Jaguar: wholly contemporary, finely sculpted, efficiently packaged and precisely detailed.
The exterior changes for the naturally aspirated XK models and the supercharged Jaguar XKR are highlighted by a distinctive and purposeful new front end design, new LED rear lights and a new lower rear body valance. New LED rear light clusters incorporating fog lamps plus twin reversing lamps (rather than the previous single lamp units) give every new XK a unique 'night time signature', while LED technology is also included in the integrated side repeater and approach lamps in the new exterior mirrors. Every new XK also features revised body-coloured side power vents.
Direct injection - power with economy
One of the key features of the new petrol engines is an industry-first, centrally-mounted, multi-hole, spray-guided fuel injection system, delivering fuel at a pressure of up to 150bar directly to the cylinder. This substantially contributes to improved low-speed, dynamic response. The positioning of the injectors ensures fuel is precisely delivered to the centre of the combustion chamber, maximising air-fuel mixing and improving combustion control. Fuel is delivered via twin, high-pressure fuel pumps that are driven via auxiliary shaft in the all-new engine block.
A new type of variable camshaft timing (VCT) system introduces another new technology. The four VCT units are activated by the positive and negative torques generated by opening and closing the intake and exhaust valves, instead of by oil pressure. This has allowed the engine oil pump to be reduced in size, saving energy and improving fuel consumption.
Reducing friction - something for nothing
Minimising internal friction is key to improving fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, and as such was a key aim when it came to the design of the engines. As a result, the new Jaguar AJ-V8 Gen III engines achieve another best in class, setting a new industry benchmark for cranktrain efficiency.
Unique, Jaguar sound quality
Sound quality is a key characteristic of all Jaguars and is one particular aspect that customers relish. With that in mind, Jaguar engineers have accentuated the acoustic feedback into the cabin in order to further enhance the driving pleasure.
The XK's exhaust 'sound track' has been enhanced to provide a deeper and more powerful character that matches the increase in torque at low revs from the new engine. At higher engine speeds the intake acoustic feedback system combines with the exhaust system to provide more of that unique Jaguar sound quality character.
In addition to the fully active exhaust system in which valves open to provide a more rewarding note, the new XKR has been engineered to provide an intake feedback system to enhance the V8 sound character commonly absent on supercharged engines. Intake manifold pressure pulsations are fed into an acoustic filter at the rear of the engine that is tuned to provide an edgy sports car 'crescendo' at high revs. The filter is controlled by the engine management system, which only allows the sound to enter the cabin under the appropriate driving conditions.
Uprated six-speed transmission handles extra power
Any transmission is a major factor in delivering the performance that drivers desire, while integrating with the engine to optimise emissions and fuel consumption. Jaguar's acclaimed electronically controlled, six-speed ZF 6HP28 transmission offers an unparalleled combination of driver control matched to virtually undetectable gearshifts. With control either from steering wheel-mounted paddles or full automatic mode via the JaguarDrive Selector™, the new XK range delivers exhilarating performance.The supercharged V8 engine with 510PS and 625Nm of torque transmits power through an uprated version of the ZF 6HP28, additional clutch plates and an uprated torque converter having been added to the transmission to accommodate the extra power.
The transmission has a fully-adaptive shift system which delivers seamless gearshifts and balances performance and economy at all times. It also continually adapts to suit driving style, which can vary from sporting to more economical. Jaguar Sequential Shift™ suffers no torque interrupt, resulting in a smoother more powerful shift feel, and an almost instantaneous shift from the time the driver touches the shift paddle to the completion of the shift event.
The high levels of torque produced by the new engines make it possible for the torque converter lock-up feature of the transmission to function at low speeds, without slip. This approach provides an additional fuel consumption benefit, contributing to the official combined fuel economy of 23.0mpg (12.3 l/100km) in the Jaguar XKR. The advanced design of the transmission also includes a torsional damper to absorb firing impulses from the engine, further smoothing the driveline. The transmission is designed to be maintenance-free with 'filled-for-life' fluid.
Active Differential Control for optimum grip in Jaguar XKR
Another first for Jaguar is the new Active Differential Control (ADC), the final stage of the supercharged V8 driveline. Designed to give improved traction and dynamic stability, the electronically controlled differential continuously adapts to both the driver's demands and the amount of grip available at each individual wheel.
Operated by an internal electric motor and 'ball-and-ramp' mechanism, the differential contains a multiplate clutch which transmits or 'vectors' torque to the wheel with most grip and therefore maximises the car's traction. The multi-plate clutch assembly is designed to prevent excessive differential slip, but differs fundamentally from a conventional traction control system, which uses the brakes to counteract differential slip, after it has occurred.
New JaguarDrive Selector completes the package
For the first time, the new XK range introduces the innovative JaguarDrive Selector as its transmission control interface. First seen on the Jaguar XF saloon, the JaguarDrive Selector features a rotary shift control which rises into the driver's hand as the car is started, to give intuitive, ergonomically efficient transmission control from a neat, space-efficient interface.
The Safety
As well as the convertible's hidden, automatic roll-over protection, every car in the new XK range features Jaguar's pedestrian deployable bonnet system (not fitted to Federal market cars). In the event of a collision with a pedestrian, the system raises the bonnet by 170mm in just 30 milliseconds to provide a clear space between the surface of the bonnet and the hard points underneath, to reduce the severity of injuries - particularly those to the head - while still allowing the new XK low bonnet line. An energy-absorbing bumper system also helps minimise lower leg injuries to pedestrians.
Jaguar's Emergency Brake Assist is standard on the new XK and Advanced Emergency Brake Assist is fitted to all models with Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). Advanced Emergency Brake Assist uses the ACC radar to calculate distance from and speed of approach to the vehicle ahead and pre-charges the brake-line pressure to minimise impact speed if a collision is predicted - with an audible warning to the driver.
The new Jeep Wrangler range surprised drivers and off-road enthusiasts when it launched in 2007. Jeep managed to maintain the classic 'rugged' look and feel without letting the new car's extreme off-road ability compromise its on-road dynamics or its role as a comfortable everyday family car.
The Wrangler and Wrangler Unlimited both offer removable full-framed doors and fold-down windscreen together with a removable hard top that provides more options for open-air driving. The Freedom Top is a three-piece modular hardtop and features separate left- and right-front passenger panels that can be removed and stored in the vehicle, together with a rear section that can be removed separately.
While the majority of Wrangler and Wrangler Unlimiteds sold in the UK will be powered by a new 2.8-litre diesel engine, a handful of Jeep Wrangler 'Rubicon' models will be sold with a new 3.8-litre petrol engine and a host of additional off-road features that will make this the best off-road Wrangler ever and the ultimate showroom standard off-road vehicle available in the UK. For 2008 new features including a tyre pressure warning system and the optional MyGig infotainment sat-nav system have been added across the Wrangler range.
More On-road Refinement
While improving its legendary 4x4 Jeep capability, the Jeep Wrangler and Wrangler Unlimited feature a much more refined on-road experience as a result of an all-new frame that is 100 per cent stiffer in bending and 50 per cent stiffer in torsion together with a refined five-link coil suspension front and rear. In addition, new steering and suspension geometry provides precise ride and handling characteristics, while new sound-deadening techniques reduce cabin noise by more than 20 per cent.
The Jeep Wrangler's recirculating-ball steering configuration features a robust cross-car steering linkage system, providing the stiffest possible steering linkage in a solid-axle vehicle for a precise on-centre feel. Lower spring rates on the suspension provide more of a soft, comfortable on-road ride.
Standard across the Wrangler range is Electronic Stability Programme (ESP), which aids the driver in maintaining vehicle directional stability in severe driving manoeuvres on any type of surface. ESP works in harmony with the on-road calibrated Brake Lock Differentials that aim to improve vehicle traction if one wheel is on ice or gravel and the other is on a dry surface.
Improved interior
The Jeep Wrangler and Wrangler Unlimited's interior were designed with a focus on functionality, increased passenger comfort and improved ergonomics. The spacious, durable interior features a new instrument panel and centre stack, and new high-back front bucket seats.
The front seats are sculpted and conform to the body, and a driver's seat height adjuster is standard for optimised seat position and comfort. Sahara and Rubicon models feature cloth seats with YES Essentials fabric - an easy-care, soil-repellent and anti-microbial textile that protects seats from stains, odours and discolouration.
The Jeep Wrangler offers more cargo capacity than its predecessor, together with more space for front and rear passengers. The Jeep Wrangler Unlimited features room for five adult passengers and more than double the cargo storage space of the short-wheelbase Wrangler, together with a 60/40 split folding rear bench seat.
The CCX is the latest iteration of the Koenigsegg CC family. The CCX is in many aspects a new car since it has been re-engineered to comply with the US regulation and market demands. Still, it has been a key issue for the Koenigsegg Team to keep the distinctive and record breaking CC shape. Koenigsegg believes it is important to avoid trends and instead hone the aerodynamic shape of the CC range for the future, only enhancing its unique look and appearance with tighter lines and a more aggressive stance. At Koenigsegg they also believe in continuity. A new Koenigsegg shall show clear lineage from its predecessor and shall not follow any other design trends - but enhance its already proven concept and shape to perfection.
Body & Interior
The CCX features a completely new set of body and interior parts. The new body incorporates a new front bumper design, engineered to function well in the stringent 2.5 mph bumper test, including enhanced brake cooling, fog lamps and US side position lights. The front lamps have been slightly redesigned to suit the new bumper line.
There is a new scoop on the front bonnet acting as a larger fresh air-intake for the occupants and new air vents have been added behind the front wheels in order to further evacuate air from the cockpit. The frontal shape revisions now allow for effective track use options to be added.
The car is 88 mm longer in order to comply with the US rear impact regulations and in order to free up space around the rear muffler. The rear clamshell now features a glass window over the new CCX engine, clearly showing off the bespoke and unique Koenigsegg Block casting. The mufflers have received improved cooling, by incorporating grill vents above in the clamshell. The number plate area is now adapted to suit both US and Euro size number plates.
Space
There is a further 50 mm in headroom, making the CCX the most spacious super car on the market, truly considering the taller drivers needs. Koenigsegg believes to have found a unique market niche by enabling really tall drivers to fit well inside the car, still with its highest point only 1120 mm above the tarmac.
Seats
In corporation with Sparco, and Koenigsegg test driver Loris Bicocchi, Koenigsegg has developed a new seat design for the CCX. The structure of the seat are still carbon fiber, but now feature fully padded front surface and a tilting backrest. The striking and very comfortable Tempur padded CCR seats can still be fitted in the CCX on special order.
Wheels / Brakes
The optimal ceramic 382 mm front discs are coupled to 8 piston calipers and in the rear the 362 mm size is retained with 6 piston calipers. The optional industry first carbon fiber wheels save another 3 kg per wheel compared to the already lightweight magnesium wheels that comes as standard. The ceramic discs save another 2 kg per wheel, giving the Koenigsegg CCX lower unsprung weight than any other super car.
Aerodynamic Enhancement
Between the raised speedster humps there is a new type of vortex generator originally conceived and patented by Torbjörn Gustavsson at Vortaflow and implemented as a Ram Air engine booster by Christian Koenigsegg on the CCX. Due to the fact that there is a fresh air engine intake right below the rear window, the vortex generator redirects the air directly into the air intake and thereby creating a positive pressure in the air box. To normally obtain this phenomenon in a mid engine car a roof scoop is required, increasing frontal area. In the case of the CCX, the small frontal area can still be kept and rearward visibility is unaffected, even though it has now got true ram air intake over its mid mounted engine.
Electronics
The CCX now features, wholly digital, intelligent fuse and relay unit. This means that there are not physical fuses or relays as such. The unit is programmable and is can-bus connected to a display unit which sends crucial information to the driver. The main advantages of this system are its reliability, light weight, small physical size, programmability and direct information to the driver. The system is prepared for future upgrades and functions.
Unique Koenigsegg Engine
The engine in the CCX retains the incredible performance and power of the CCR engine, while running on US 91 octane fuel and complying with California emission regulations. In order to reach this challenging goal, extensive rework had to be done to emission related items, such as new cylinder heads with larger valve area and more optimally flowing cylinder head ports. Dual smaller injectors per cylinder were integrated, as well as new camshafts, a new carbon fiber individual runner intake plenum, a new engine management system, updated fuel and EVAP system. New exhaust system where the catalytic converters are moved closer to the engine for earlier light-off time. A returnless fuel system has also been implemented with pumps integrated into the new fuel tank. All in all, a heavy rework in order to retain the unique performance of the CCX engine and at the same time comply with the strictest emission regulations in the world.
Motorsport is very important for KTM, as indicated by the company slogan 'Ready to Race'. It was therefore entirely logical that at the same time as the plans for the series production were developing, KTM was planning to run the X-Bow competitively on the racetrack. Together with Dallara, KTM developed its own racing version, with the cars being run in the GT4 European Cup by German race team, Reiter Engineering. The decision by KTM to place the racing premiere of X-Bow in the hands of Reiter, rather than enter the championship with an in-house, factory-run operation, allowed KTM to use the GT4 entry as a pilot project to 'power' development of future customer motorsport applications as well as the production model.
The KTM drew on the vast expertise of world-renowned Italian racing driver Loris Bicocchi in the development of the KTM X-Bow Race car. He has been heavily involved in the X-Bow programme from the outset as test driver and played an important role in its chassis and dynamics tuning. Biccochi's motorsport experience includes the testing, development and racing of many of the world's most prestigious supercars - including the Koenigsegg CCR and the Bugatti Veyron.
The changes made to the GT4 racing X-Bow (compared with the production model) are predominantly related to additional safety equipment demanded by the FIA regulations. The rollover bars are made of steel instead of aluminium; additional layers of zylon fibre are fastened to the flanks of the monocoque to enhance side-impact protection and prevent the penetration of sharp objects; the exhaust system has a racing cataytic converter; the mudguards are extended; and there is added side-impact protection between the front and rear wheels (to prevent tangling with other cars).
These modifications are so minor that they highlight the fundamentally sporting design of the X-Bow, confirming that even the road-going model has the soul of a racing car. In fact, the GT4 KTM X-Bow complies with the FIA crash-regulations (Article 258a) and meets the same safety standards as dedicated open wheel and ALMS-race cars.
Throughout 2008, competitive racing provided important feedback in the final phase of the series production car development. It also served as a trial run for the future 'KTM Customer Racing Service', and for the development of the customer racing version of the KTM X-Bow.
After pre-season testing at Monza and Nogaro, a pair of X-Bows made a sensational competition debut at Silverstone (England) on 19 April 2008 - claiming 1st-2nd in-class finishes in both races and humbling many more powerful, more expensive GT4 machines.
The pair of X-Bows went on to repeat their 1st-2nd in-class form at Monza (Italy) and even claimed a remarkable third place overall in a 50-minute rain-soaked race. Only three race weekends later (Oschersleben, Spa-Francorchamps and Brno), KTM secured the title in the GT4 Sports Light category - with all three KTM drivers in the top three places overall.
And on the final racing weekend in Nogaro, providing a sensational climax to the season, Christopher Haase claimed the X-Bow's first overall pole-position ahead of the more powerful GT4 racers. The young German driver then exploited his excellent qualifying performance to clinch overall victory in the GT4 Sports Light European Cup, ahead of team mates Dennis Retera and Catharina Felser.
Through its new Customer Racing Service, KTM aims to write a new chapter in national and international motor racing, by providing everything a racing enthusiast needs to take part in professional motorsport. 'CRS' customers from all over the world will be able to race their own KTM X-Bow Race in professional-level motorsport, with support from a dedicated team of KTM race technicians.
Whether competing in the GT4 European Cup, in the ADAC GT Masters or at selected 24 hour or endurance races around the globe, the KTM CRS will supply customers with a full support crew, an extensive range of spare parts, and technical support for all the drivers and teams who campaign a KTM X-Bow.
Running a KTM X-Bow Race is simple and cost effective. The minimalist concept of the car means that it is extremely easy to maintain and offers significantly lower running costs than competitor cars. Taking into account all 'wear and tear' parts, tyres and fuel, the typical cost of running a X-Bow in GT4 is just €3,000 per race.
The CRS was designed with the idea of making entry to professional motorsport easy and affordable, with prices for one season's GT4 racing only costing around €100,000 (based on four race cars minimum in one support structure). This figure is based on eight GT races - six in the GT4 European Cup and a further two in a national GT4 championship - and includes full service of a customer's own car, transport, race service by specialist race engineers, hospitality for customers and team, spare parts (excluding crash-damaged parts), tyres, fuel, and driver and team wear.
Technical Data
= Bodystyle: Mid-engined two-seater open extreme sports car
= Chassis: Carbon composite monocoque with transverse mid-mounted engine, rear-wheel drive and fully independent suspension
= Structure
o Monocoque: Carbon composite construction
o Torsional rigidity: 35000Nm per degree
o Nosebox: Carbon construction
o Rear subframe: Ultralight reinforced aluminium
o Exterior panels: Carbon fibre
o Underfloor: Ultra light carbon composite construction with rear diffuser
* Engine
o Make: Audi TFSI
o Type: Turbo-charged, 4-cylinder petrol with direct fuel injection
o Capacity: 1984 cc / 2.0-litres
o Bore & Stroke: 82.5 x 92.8 mm
o Max power: 240 ps (177 kW) at 5500 rpm
o Max torque: 310 Nm (229 lb ft) from 2000 to 5500 rpm
o Valves: 16 (4 per cylinder)
o Materials: Cast iron block, aluminium alloy cylinder head
o Emissions class: Euro 4 compliant
* Transmission: 6-speed manual
* Suspension
o Front: Fully independent double wishbones with twin push-rod operated concentric coil spring/damper units (adjustable) mounted on top of the monocoque, Anti-roll bar
o Rear: Fully independent double wishbones with concentric coil spring/damper units (adjustable), Anti-roll bar
* Brakes
o System: Hydraulic (unassisted)
o Front: Brembo 305 mm ventilated discs with 4-piston fixed calipers
o Rear: Brembo 262 mm ventilated solid discs with 2-piston fixed calipers
* Wheels & Tyres
o Front: 17 x 7.5 inch alloys with 205/50 tyres
o Rear: 18 x 9.5 inch alloys with 235/40 tyres
* Performance
o 0-80 km/h (0-50 mph): 2.86 sec
o 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph): 3.90 sec
o 0-120 km/h (0-75 mph): 5.27 sec
o 0-140 km/h (0-87 mph): 6.61 sec
o 0-160 km/h (0-99 mph): 8.51 sec
* Lateral Acceleration / Speed
o Racing: 1.8 g max
* Top speed: 220 km/h (137 mph)
* Braking to standstill (warm brakes)
o 100-0 km/h (62-0 mph): 32.9 metres
o 160-0 km/h (99-0 mph): 77.9 metres
* Aerodynamic Performance - Downforce
o at 100 km/h (62 mph): 48 kg
o at 200 km/h (124 mph): 193 kg
* Dimensions
o Length: 3738 mm
o Wheel base: 2430 mm
o Width : 1900 mm
o Height: 1205 mm
o Dry weight: 825 kg
The Hummer H1 is a civilian vehicle based on the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), popularly known as the Humvee, which was created by AM General.
